Converting a Rear Wheel Drive Car to All Wheel Drive: Is It Feasible?
Many owners of rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles dream of the added traction and performance that comes with all-wheel drive (AWD). However, is it worth the effort and cost to convert a RWD car into an AWD car? This article explores the feasibility, challenges, and potential benefits of such a conversion, providing a balanced view for car enthusiasts and owners.
Considering the Feasibility and Cost
While it is possible to convert a RWD car into an AWD car, the process can be highly complex and expensive. Conversion typically involves multiple components and extensive mechanical modifications. It is important to consider whether the cost of conversion is justified when compared to the alternative of purchasing a more suitable AWD vehicle.
If you already own a suitable AWD car, selling your RWD vehicle and purchasing a new AWD model can be a cost-effective solution. Alternatively, if you have the skills, knowledge, and financial means, it is possible to undertake a conversion project. However, it is crucial to understand the limitations and considerations involved.
Personal Experience with Conversion: A 1983 Chevy Diesel Van
My 1983 Chevy diesel van began as a RWD vehicle. By installing a solid front axle from an 1988 Suburban, I was able to modify the drivetrain to enable AWD, 4WD, or 2WD functionality. The choice of transfer case can vary depending on your specific needs. For instance, an NP203, NP242, or even a viscous center diff device can provide AWD capability. However, these are not generally desirable for daily use. A part-time 4WD option, such as an NP205 or NP208, would be a more practical choice.
This modification allows for flexible drivetrain operation, giving me the ability to switch between different drive modes based on driving conditions or preferences. The current configuration utilizes the NP208 transfer case, though it is important to ensure that the chosen components are compatible with the vehicle’s specifications.
Engineering Challenges and Limitations
The conversion process from RWD to AWD is far from straightforward. It often involves significant mechanical challenges. For example, the engine may need to be lifted to create adequate clearance for the differential and layshaft. Additionally, fitting the transfer box and center differential into the transmission tunnel, alongside the front propshaft and sump, can be particularly problematic.
Solving these engineering challenges often requires modifying the front subframe and cross member to reduce the clearance issues. Increasing the ride height can also help, although this may affect the vehicle’s handling and ride comfort.
Furthermore, a complete re-engineering of the drivetrain is necessary, including the installation of transfer cases, different transmissions, front differentials, forward driveshafts, 4WD computers, switchgear, and instrument clusters. This is a daunting task that requires a high level of mechanical expertise and equipment.
Economic Considerations: The True Cost of Conversion
The cost of converting a RWD car to AWD can be staggering. Some estimates suggest that the cost can be four times that of simply selling the car and purchasing a factory AWD model of the same vehicle. This dramatic increase in cost must be carefully evaluated against the potential benefits and the intended use of the vehicle.
Converting just the front wheels for drifting or other specialized purposes is possible but requires removing the front drivetrain, which is not recommended for regular use. Similarly, removing the electric engines and heavy batteries in race versions of vehicles like the Acura NSX can be done, but it goes against the original design and purpose of the vehicle.
Conclusion
The conversion of a RWD vehicle to AWD is a significant undertaking that will significantly impact both the vehicle's performance and its value. While it is possible and even fun for specialized applications, owners should weigh the costs and benefits carefully. In most cases, it might be wiser to explore the option of purchasing a suitable AWD vehicle outright, as it often represents a more practical and cost-effective solution.
For those dedicated to modifying their vehicles, understanding the feasibility, challenges, and limitations of such projects can help ensure that the investment is worthwhile and that the vehicle's performance aligns with the intended use.