How Many German Citizens Supported the Nazis During WWII?
It is difficult to determine exactly how many German citizens supported the Nazis during World War II. The historical record is not clear-cut, and many factors influenced individual actions. Here’s an exploration of the factors, numbers, and contexts that help us understand the level of support.
The 1933 Election and Initial Support
Hitler and the Nazi Party won a fair election in 1933. The key factor lies in the percentage of the vote they received. They secured a large majority, which gave them a strong legislative base to abolish the Weimar Republic and establish a one-party dictatorship. At this stage, people who opposed Hitler faced the risk of imprisonment and persecution. Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that a significant portion of the German population supported the Nazis, estimated at 80 to 90 percent. This high level of initial support was crucial for the Nazi Party to consolidate power.
The Evolution of Support in the 1930s
By the mid-1930s, support for the Nazis remained strong. According to some estimates, a similar percentage—85 to 90 percent—continued to support Hitler personally and National Socialism. However, it is important to note that while the Party as a whole maintained a strong support base, individual members in local branches varied in their commitment. Figures like Julius Streicher, who were seen as incompetent and crude, likely had less genuine support from the local population.
Opposition and Its Context
Looking at how many Germans actively opposed the Nazis is another critical perspective. While there were certainly individuals and groups who opposed the regime, the question of why they did not act more forcefully remains. Many who opposed the Nazis did so quietly, fearing the consequences. Others may have felt disillusioned or simply resigned to the new reality. Regardless of the reasons, it is evident that the majority of the German population either supported or remained silent in the face of the growing authoritarian regime.
The Nazi State’s Consolidation of Power
National Socialism had a methodical approach to establishing a dictatorship. Initially, they eliminated their main political rivals, such as the Communists, and dismantled the democratic system. This created a climate of fear within Germany. Gradually, they removed all external opposition, including trade unions and other political parties. With full control, the Nazis could implement their policies without significant resistance.
The term 'Gleichschaltung' (meaning coordination or bringing into line) describes the process by which the Nazis systematically incorporated and controlled various aspects of German society. This involved creating a culture of fear and repression. For ordinary citizens, this meant conforming to Nazi norms and practices to avoid persecution. Many Germans found aspects of National Socialist ideology or idealism appealing, which further facilitated the regime’s consolidation of power.
Conclusion
While it is challenging to pinpoint the exact number of German citizens who supported the Nazis during WWII, the historical evidence suggests that a significant majority—estimating around 80 to 90 percent—supported the regime. This level of support was essential for the Nazis to maintain control and implement their policies. However, it is also noteworthy that opposition did exist, albeit often in silent forms. The complexity of the situation underscores the need for nuanced historical scrutiny.