Understanding Platelet Count in Blood Tests: Management Tips to Raise or Lower It
What Are Platelets?
Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are the smallest cells in the blood. These cells play a vital role in the body's ability to form blood clots. Platelets circulate in the bloodstream and naturally transform into a “cylinder” shape when they are relaxed or patrolling. However, when a blood vessel gets damaged, platelets change into an octopus-like structure, growing tentacles and rapidly binding to each other to seal the wound and stop bleeding.
These cells are pale, similar to a cloudy-yellowish colour, and their lifetime in the human body is 9 to 12 days. In an adult human, a normal platelet count ranges from approximately 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood. If the platelet count is above 450,000, it’s termed thrombocytosis. Conversely, a platelet count below 150,000 is referred to as thrombocytopenia.
Types of Platelet Disorders
Thrombocytosis can be classified into two types: primary and secondary. In primary thrombocytosis, the cause is unknown and involves abnormal bone marrow cells that overproduce platelets. The secondary form of the condition is driven by underlying diseases, such as anemia, cancer, or infection.
When there are too many platelets, it can lead to excessive clotting, which can cause life-threatening complications like strokes or heart attacks. Treatment for primary thrombocytosis can range from no intervention if the condition is stable and asymptomatic to the usage of several drugs determined by the physician. For secondary thrombocytosis, the key treatment is managing the underlying condition successfully.
Managing Thrombocytopenia: Low Platelet Count
Thrombocytopenia, or IT (Immune Thrombocytopenia), occurs when something interferes with the normal production of platelets in the bone marrow. Various factors can contribute to this, including inherited conditions, kidney infections or diseases, certain cancers, chemotherapy for cancer, certain medications, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on the underlying cause. For example, if the low platelet count is medication-induced, switching to an alternative medication can resolve the issue. Additionally, treating the primary illness with appropriate medications and sometimes blood transfusions could be necessary. In severe cases, a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) may be required.
Natural Management and Foods to Promote Platelet Count
Several natural foods and supplements can help promote platelet count. Folate-rich foods, such as dark green leafy vegetables, beef liver, black-eyed peas, and rice, provide key nutrients for platelet production. B-12 rich foods, including beef (especially liver), eggs, fish (like clams, trout, salmon, and tuna), are also beneficial. Iron-rich foods, such as beef liver, oysters, kidney beans, dark chocolate, and lentils, can improve platelet levels.
It's important to avoid certain substances that can suppress platelet production, including alcohol, cranberry juice, quinine, and aspartame.
Supplements should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as overconsumption of these nutrients can lead to adverse effects.
Conclusion
Understanding the role of platelets and managing your platelet count is crucial for overall health. Whether you have too many or too few platelets, the key lies in identifying and addressing any underlying conditions through lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Consult with your healthcare provider to discuss the most suitable management strategies tailored to your specific needs.