Why Aircraft Need Ground Vehicles to Taxi Out from the Gate

This video by Mentour Pilot offers a comprehensive explanation as to why aircraft require a ground vehicle for taxiing out from the gate. If you have ever seen the various types of pushback trucks moving around the airport apron, but have not quite understood how they work and why they are necessary, then this article is for you.

What is a Pushback?

A pushback is a process where a ground vehicle, such as a pushback truck, is used to move an aircraft away from the gate. Although many aircraft can move themselves backward on the ground using reverse thrust, a procedure known as a powerback, the resulting jet blast or prop wash may cause damage to the terminal building or other equipment. Additionally, engines close to the ground may blow sand and debris forward, which can then be sucked into the engine, causing further damage. Therefore, a pushback is the preferred method to move the aircraft away from the gate.

Ground Control Clearance and Taxiways

At busy aerodromes, pushbacks are usually subject to ground control clearance to ensure safe movement on the taxiways. Once clearance is obtained, the pilot and the tractor driver or a ground handler will communicate to start the pushback. Communication can be facilitated through the use of a headset near the nose gear. The tractor driver is responsible for steering, as the pilot cannot see what is behind the aircraft.

Using a Bypass Pin for Safe Maneuvering

To ensure safe maneuvering, a bypass pin may be temporarily installed into the nose gear, disconnecting it from the aircraft's normal steering mechanism. This allows the tractor driver to have full control of the aircraft's direction. Once the pushback is completed, the towbar is disconnected and the bypass pin is removed. The ground handler will show the bypass pin to the pilots to confirm that it has been removed. The pushback is then complete, and the aircraft can taxi forward under its own power.

The Advantage of a 360-Degree View

A key reason for using a ground vehicle to maneuver the aircraft is that the ground vehicle has a 360-degree view, whereas the pilot does not. Jet blast can be significant and undesirable, especially near the terminal. Manoeuvering a large aircraft in close quarters is also extremely challenging. Another important aspect is that aircraft do not back up on purpose, making it even more crucial to rely on a ground vehicle for safe and efficient movement.

Conclusion

Whether it be for safety, control, or precision, the use of a ground vehicle for taxiing out from the gate is a necessary and effective practice in the aviation industry. Understanding the mechanics and benefits of pushbacks, such as those pointed out in Mentour Pilot's video, can help in appreciating the intricacies of airport operations and the safety measures in place.